Advanced Java Interview Questions for Freshers

Here is a well-structured list of Advanced Java interview questions for freshers, commonly asked in Java backend / full-stack interviews. These focus on JDBC, Servlets, JSP, MVC, and enterprise concepts, explained at a fresher-friendly level.

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)

1. What is JDBC and why is it used?
2. What are the main JDBC components?
3. Difference between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement
4. Why is PreparedStatement better than Statement?
5. What is JDBC Driver? Types of JDBC drivers?
6. Which JDBC driver is mostly used and why?
7. Steps to connect Java application with database
8. What is ResultSet?
9. Difference between executeQuery(), executeUpdate(), and execute()
10. What is batch processing in JDBC?
11. What is connection pooling?
12. How do you prevent SQL Injection in JDBC?

Servlets

13. What is a Servlet?
14. Servlet life cycle methods
15. Difference between doGet() and doPost()
16. What is web.xml?
17. What is HttpServlet?
18. Difference between Servlet and JSP
19. What is RequestDispatcher?
20. Difference between forward() and sendRedirect()
21. What is ServletConfig and ServletContext?
22. What is session management?
23. How many ways to maintain session in Servlets?

JSP (Java Server Pages)

24. What is JSP?
25. Difference between JSP and Servlet
26. JSP life cycle
27. What are JSP directives?
28. Types of JSP tags
29. What is Expression Language (EL)?
30. What are JSP implicit objects?
31. Difference between Scriptlet and Expression tag
32. Why Scriptlets are discouraged?

Session Management

33. What is session?
34. Difference between Session and Cookie
35. Types of session tracking techniques
36. Which session tracking technique is more secure?
37. What is URL rewriting?
38. What happens when a session expires?

MVC Architecture

39. What is MVC architecture?
40. Advantages of MVC design pattern
41. How MVC is implemented in Java web applications?
42. Which component handles business logic in MVC?
43. Which component interacts with database?

Filters & Listeners

44. What is a Filter?
45. Use cases of Filters
46. Difference between Filter and Servlet
47. What is a Listener?
48. Types of Listeners in Java
49. When do you use a Listener?

Web Concepts

50. What is a web container?
51. Difference between Web Server and Application Server
52. What is Apache Tomcat?
53. What is WAR file?
54. Difference between JAR and WAR
55. What is deployment descriptor?

Security & Best Practices

56. What is SQL Injection?
57. How do you secure a Java web application?
58. Why should we use MVC instead of JSP-only applications?
59. What is HTTPS?
60. What are common exceptions in JDBC?

Scenario-Based Questions (Important)

61. How do you handle login & logout functionality in Java?
62. How do you validate user input in a web application?
63. How do you store user details securely?
64. How do you handle multiple user requests at the same time?
65. What happens if database connection fails?

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